Method and system for filtering sediment-bearing fluids

ABSTRACT

A self-cleaning, back-washable filter apparatus and method for use with a pumping apparatus which is at least partially immersed in fluid. The filter apparatus may comprise a vibration device that is powered by a flow of fluid. A method for filtering a flow of fluid is also disclosed, comprising vibrating a filter by applying a flow of fluid to the filter.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No.10/277,225, filed Oct. 18, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,875,364 entitled“SELF-CLEANING FLUID FILTER SYSTEM”, which is a continuation-in-partapplication of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/082,626, filed Feb. 21, 2002now U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,344. Each of the foregoing applications isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a filter apparatus and more particularly to aself-cleaning, back-flushable filter for removing particulate materialfrom a pump intake.

2. Description of the Related Art

Submersible pumps are often lowered into fluid supplies such as thosefound in well casings or ponds in order to remove the fluid that isfound there. Often, the fluid contains sand and other abrasive particlesthat are a constant cause of inefficiency in and potential failure ofthe pumping systems. For example, sand can cause severe damage to thepump and valves in the pumping system.

Many types of filters have been designed for use with submersible pumps.Such filters have typically included a filter element designed to screenparticulate material from the pump intake. However, the particulatematerial often becomes entrapped in the filter element. The quantity ofparticulate material collected on the filter element is directlyproportional to the to the pressure drop that occurs across the filterelement. Since an excessive pressure drop across the filter element cansignificantly reduce fluid flow, the filter element must be periodicallychanged or cleaned. Often, this is done by removing the submersible pumpfrom the fluid and removing the filter element. This can be a timely andinconvenient process. Pumps with intricate backwashing systems have beendesigned, but these are often expensive and cannot be used to retrofitexisting systems. As a result, many pumps are generally operated withoutany filter and therefore experience early pump failure and extensive andcostly down time.

There exists, therefore, a continuing need for further improvements influid filter devices having a self-cleaning filter element. Therefurther exists the need to have a relatively simple and reliable mannerof backwashing filter elements used with an existing pump.

To clean water down to hyperfiltration, nanofiltration andultrafiltration sizes, cross flow filtration with a pressure gradienthas been employed. While this has proven successful, it is alsoexpensive due to the disposal and/or treatment of resulting concentrateof contaminants. New methods are needed to eliminate or drasticallyreduce the concentrate in order to provide low cost filtration offluids, such as drinking water.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The system, method, and devices of the invention each have severalaspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirableattributes. Without limiting the scope of this invention as expressed bythe claims which follow, its more prominent features will now bediscussed briefly. After considering this discussion, and particularlyafter reading the section entitled “Detailed Description of theEmbodiments of the Invention” one will understand how the features ofthis invention provide advantages that include water filtration systemshaving lowered maintenance costs.

One embodiment is a self-cleaning filtration system for filtering afluid flow. The system may include a cage and one or more filtersdisposed within the cage. At least one pipe is configured to receivewater through each filter. The cage may include a non-permeable leadingmember configured to meet and divert the fluid flow. The filters areconfigured to be placed downstream of the leading member. The cage mayalso include a trailing member and a bottom member configured to securethe cage. At least one side member may coupled to the leading andtrailing members and coupled to the bottom member. The side members areangled inwardly with respect to a centroid defined by the cage from theleading member to the trailing member.

Another embodiment is a method of pumping fluid from a flow of fluid.The method comprises diverting the flow of fluid around a front member.A first portion of the flow of fluid through an outer mesh is filtered.The outer mesh is configured with respect to the flow of fluid and thefront member so that the fluid flow carries debris away from the outermesh. The first portion of fluid is filtered through a second filtermesh that performs finer filtering than the outer mesh. The fluidreceived through the second filter mesh is removed away from the secondmesh.

Still another embodiment of a self-cleaning filtration system forfiltering a fluid flow comprises a means for diverting a flow of fluid,and first means for filtering a first portion of the flow of fluid. Thefirst means for filtering is configured with respect to the flow offluid and the means for diverting so that the flow of fluid carriesdebris away from the first means for filtering. The system also includessecond means for filtering the first portion of fluid. The second meansfor filtering performs finer filtering that the first means forfiltering. The system also includes means for removing the fluidreceived through the second filter mesh.

A further embodiment is a sediment removal system. The sediment removalsystem may include a sediment discharge pipe having a vacuum inlet, ahigh pressure pipe, a venturi pump coupling the high pressure pipe tothe sediment discharge pipe, a plurality of venturi jets fluidlycoupling the high pressure pipe to the sediment discharge pipe, a vesselfluidly coupled to the sediment discharge pipe and configured to retainsediment in fluid received from the sediment discharge pipe, and apressure booster pump connected to the high pressure pipe and configuredto pressurize fluid in the high pressure pipe.

Another embodiment is a filtration system. The filtration system maycomprise at least one pressure tube, an impermeable member defining afirst chamber within the pressure tube. The first chamber has an inletand an outlet. At least one first filter surrounds the inlet so as toform a second chamber around the inlet. A filtered fluid pipe isdisposed within the pressure tube and fluidly connected to the secondchamber. A vent tube extends into the pressure tube and has a firstopening to air outside of the pressure tube and a second opening intothe second chamber. The vent tube is configured to expose the secondchamber to the atmosphere. A pressure tight seal covers the outlet ofthe first chamber. The vent tube passes into the second chamber throughthe pressure tight seal.

Still another embodiment is fluid filtration system. The system mayinclude an impermeable pressure tube. A fluid pipe is disposed withinthe pressure tube. At least one fluid inlet pipe is disposed within thepressure tube. At least one filter defines a fluid chamber around the atleast one inlet pipe. A pressure tight seal is on each end of thepressure tube. In one embodiment, the filter is a cross flow membrane.

Yet another embodiment of a filtering system comprises a first pump, anouter tube configured to be at least partially submerged and fluidlycoupled to the first pump, a second pump, and an inner tube, disposedwithin the outer tube and fluidly connected to the second pump. A filteris connected to the inner tube and defines a chamber that encloses aninlet to the inner tube.

An embodiment of a method for filtering fluid includes pumping a firstflow of fluid through a filter and away from the filter. A second flowof fluid is directed generally parallel to a surface of the filter. Thesecond flow is along a surface of the filter. The first flow comprises aportion of the second flow. The second flow is discharged through anoutlet.

Another embodiment of the invention is a system for filtering a fluidcomprising means for pumping a first flow of fluid through a filter andaway from the filter, and means for directing a second flow of fluidgenerally parallel to a surface of the filter. The second flow is alonga surface of the filter and away from the filter. The first flowcomprises a portion of the second flow. The system also includes meansfor discharging the second flow from the means for directing.

Yet another embodiment of the invention is a filter apparatus for usewith a pump. The filter apparatus comprises a filter element, a supplyline for delivery of a flushing medium, and a filter basket at leastpartially enclosed in the filter element. The filter basket comprises amanifold and a plurality of tubes at least partially enclosed within thefilter element. The manifold comprises a first member having an openingso as to receive the supply line, a second member having a plurality ofapertures, the first and second members defining an internal chamberfluidly connecting the flushing medium supply opening with the pluralityof apertures, and a blocking member positioned in the internal chamberand configured to rotatably traverse a groove in the second member andperiodically block a flow of flushing fluid from the flushing mediumsupply opening to the plurality of apertures. Each of the plurality oftubes extends from one of the plurality of apertures and includes aplurality of perforations such that a flushing medium may flow from thesupply line through the internal chamber into the plurality of tubes andthrough the perforations to backflush the filter element.

Another embodiment of the invention is a filter apparatus, whichcomprises a filter element, a pipe coupled to the filter element andconfigured to receive a flow of a fluid, a flange disposed within thepipe and projecting from an inner member of the pipe into the flow ofthe fluid; and a body rotatably mounted to the flange. The body isconfigured to rotate in response to the flow of the fluid and totranslate at least a portion of the rotation into a vibratory motion ofthe pipe.

Still another embodiment of the invention is a method of filtering afluid. A first flow of fluid is filtered through a filter apparatus. Asecond flow of fluid is applied to the filter apparatus so as to vibratethe filter apparatus.

A further embodiment of the invention is a filter apparatus, whichcomprises means for filtering a first flow of fluid, and means forvibrating the means for filtering. The means for vibrating is powered,at least in part, by a second flow of fluid.

Another embodiment of the invention is a filter apparatus for use with apump. The filter apparatus may include a filter element, a first supplyline for delivery of a flushing medium, a second supply line fordelivery of an enhancing material, and a filter basket at leastpartially enclosed in the filter element. The filter basket may comprisea manifold, a first plurality of tubes at least partially enclosed inthe filter element, and a second plurality of tubes at least partiallysurrounding the filter element. The manifold comprises a first memberhaving a first opening so as to receive the first supply line and asecond opening so as to receive the second supply line. A second memberof the manifold has a first plurality of apertures and a secondplurality of apertures. The first and second members define a firstinternal chamber fluidly connecting the first opening with the firstplurality of apertures. The first and second members also define asecond internal chamber fluidly connecting the second opening with thesecond plurality of apertures. Each tube of the first plurality of tubesextends from one of the first plurality of apertures and includes afirst plurality of perforations such that a flushing medium may flowfrom the first supply line through the internal chamber into the firstplurality of tubes and through each of the first plurality ofperforations to backflush the filter element. Each tube of the secondplurality of tubes extends from one of the second plurality of aperturesand includes a second plurality of perforations such that a enhancingmaterial may flow from the second supply line through the internalchamber into the second plurality of tubes and through each of thesecond plurality of perforations.

Still another embodiment of the invention is a method of filtering afluid. The method comprises filtering a first flow of fluid through afilter. The filter is back flushed with a second flow of fluid. Anenhancing material is introduced to a region in proximity to the filterthrough a third flow of fluid. The backflushing may be performedindependently of the act of introducing.

An additional embodiment of the invention is a filter apparatus whichincludes means for filtering a first flow of fluid, means forbackflushing the filter with a second flow of fluid, and means forintroducing a third flow of fluid, which may include an enhancingmaterial, to a region in proximity to the means for filtering. The meansfor back flushing is fluidly separated from the means for introducing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a system for pumpingfluid using a self-cleaning filter apparatus according to one aspect ofthe invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a system usingthe self-cleaning filter apparatus of FIG. 1 which uses the fluid beingpumped to flush the filter apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the filter apparatus of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a manifold of the filter apparatus ofFIG. 1, illustrating the openings and internal chamber in the manifold.

FIG. 4A is a top cross section view taken along lines 4A-4A of FIG. 4which illustrates the operation of the filter apparatus depicted in FIG.4.

FIG. 4B depicts a close up, cutaway view of a region designated as “4B”in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 4C depicts a side view of another embodiment of a manifold of afilter apparatus of FIG. 1 similar to that of FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a system forpumping fluid using multiple self-cleaning filters according to oneaspect of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a filter apparatus according to oneembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a manifold of a filter apparatus of FIG.6.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a manifold portion of the filterapparatus of FIG. 6, taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8A is a view of another embodiment of a manifold similar to that ofFIG. 8, but configured to induce a vibration of the manifold.

FIG. 8B depicts another embodiment of a manifold similar to that of FIG.8A.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a filter assembly of one embodiment ofthe system of FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 depicts a side-perspective view of one embodiment of a fluidfiltration system, which may advantageously be used in a river orstream.

FIG. 10A depicts a side-perspective view of another embodiment of afluid filtration system similar to FIG. 10 but having a conical frontleading member.

FIG. 11 depicts a top-profile view of the fluid filtration system ofFIG. 10 depicting the flow of water around the system.

FIG. 12 illustrates a top-profile view of the fluid filtration system ofanother embodiment of a fluid filtration system similar to that of FIG.10 but having a plurality of self cleaning filters.

FIG. 13 depicts a side cross-sectional view of an upper portion of anembodiment of a fluid filtration system having a sediment removalsystem.

FIG. 14 depicts a side cross-sectional view of the lower portion of theembodiment of a sediment removal system of FIG. 13, connecting with theportion illustrated in FIG. 13 along line A-A.

FIG. 15 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of venturi jets in anembodiment according to that shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of the components thatreside outside the body of fluid in one embodiment of a sediment removalsystem of FIG. 13.

FIG. 17 depicts an embodiment of a filter system employing a cross flowmembrane.

FIG. 18 is a side cross-section view of an embodiment of a gas/fluidseparator chamber, such as is included in the embodiment of a filtersystem depicted in FIG. 17.

FIG. 19 depicts another embodiment of a cross flow filtration systemsimilar to that of FIG. 17, but using a single high pressure pump.

FIG. 20 depicts an embodiment of a cross flow filtration system similarto that of FIG. 17, but including non-submersible pumps.

FIG. 20A depicts a top cross section view of portion of the filtersystem taken along line 20A-20A of FIG. 20.

FIG. 21 depicts another embodiment of a cross flow filtration systemsimilar to that of FIG. 20 but with non-concentric inlet and outletpipes coupled to the cross flow membrane.

FIG. 22 depicts another embodiment of a cross flow filtration systemsimilar to that of FIG. 20, but having the travel of flow across theexterior of the cross flow membrane in the opposite direction of theflow within the discharge pipe.

FIGS. 23A, 23B, 23C, and 23D depict additional embodiments of avibration device for reducing caking or clogging in a filter system.

FIG. 24 depicts another embodiment of the vibration device, such as inFIG. 23A, for reducing caking or clogging in a filter system.

FIG. 24A depicts a top view of the mount for an embodiment of thevibration device of FIG. 24.

FIG. 24B depicts a top view of a propeller in an embodiment of thevibration device of FIG. 24.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to theaccompanying Figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elementsthroughout. The terminology used in the description presented herein isintended to be interpreted in its broadest reasonable manner inaccordance with its ordinary use in the art and in accordance with anyovert definitions provided below. Arrows not emanating from a numeralindicate a direction of fluid or gas flow.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a system 10 for pumping fluid from a well usinga self-cleaning filter apparatus 12 is illustrated. The filter apparatus12 encloses a submersible pump 14 in combination with an electric motor16. The submersible pump 14 and electric motor 16 are preferablycontained in a common housing and can be of conventional design. In oneembodiment, the filter apparatus 12 and pump 14 are lowered into atypical well casing 18. An electrical supply line 20 connects anappropriate electrical power source 22 to the electric motor 16. A firstend 24 of a pump discharge line 26 connects to the submersible pump 14.A second end 28 of the pump discharge line 26 is attached to a fitting30 on a typical fluid tank 32 used for storing the pumped fluid. Inoperation, the filter apparatus 12 substantially prevents abrasivematerials, such as sand, of a size that is equal to or greater than apredetermined size from entering the submersible pump 14. Although thisembodiment illustrates the filter apparatus 12 being used with a system10 to pump and filter water from a well casing 18, one skilled in theart will understand that the filter apparatus 12 can be used to filterother liquids or slurries, such as oil, gas, sewage, chemicals,industrial waste, and can be used to pump 14 liquids from oceans, lakes,rivers, ponds, streams, dewatering projects or any other source to anydesired collection location. While FIG. 1 illustrates a submersible pump14, some embodiments will not utilize a submersible pump 14, but ratherwill use a pump (not shown) above the surface of the fluid being pumpedor near the tank 32. In such embodiments, only a suction end 24 of theline 26 will be used and the suction end 24 will be located in thefilter apparatus 12.

The filter apparatus 12 has a filter element 39 (removed for claritypurposes) to screen out unwanted particles and abrasive materials suchas sand and the like. In one embodiment, the filter element 39 is afilter sock 34 made of a synthetic fabric with 10-micron openings. Oneskilled in the art will understand that other filter elements 39 and/ordifferent sized fabric openings designed to filter particulate materialsuch as sand can also be used. For example, the filter element 39 can bea tube or filter material wrapped around the filter apparatus 12. Aswill be apparent from this description, any renewable filter capable ofcleaning by backflushing can be used. Such filters include large meshfilters for filtering sand or rocks or other debris from water, or verysmall mesh filters and semi-permeable membranes capable of filteringmicroscopic or even ionic particles from water, such as those capable ofdesalinating seawater for example. During the filtering operation, someof the particulate matter that the filter sock 34 screens out collectson the filter fabric. The quantity of particulate matter collected onthe fabric of the filter sock 34 directly affects the pressure dropacross the filter sock 34. Since an excessive pressure drop across thefilter sock 34 can significantly reduce fluid flow and thereby adverselyimpact the performance of the pump 14, the filter sock 34 must beperiodically changed or appropriately backwashed or flushed to clean theaccumulated particulate material therefrom. One option, when theperformance of the pump 14 drops to an unacceptable level, is to pullthe pump 14 and filter apparatus 12 out of the well casing 18 and removethe filter sock 34 for cleaning or replacement. However, a moreconvenient and time saving remedy is available through back-washing orreverse-flushing the filter sock 34.

In one embodiment, such back-washing is accomplished by directing burstsof air to the interior of the filter apparatus 12 and spraying this airforcefully in an outwardly direction against interior surfaces of thefilter sock 34. Such spraying action is created by use of relativelythin and elongated tubes 38 which have minute perforations or jetsdistributed along their lengths, and which are fed from an air source aswill be more fully discussed below with respect to FIG. 2. Air burstsfrom the perforations impinge upon the interior surfaces of the filtersock 34 and dislodge or expel entrapped particulate material. Thediameter of the tubes 38 determines the spacing between a pump suctioninlet 37 on the pump 14 and the filter sock 34 by supplying a separationgap equal to the diameter of the tubes 38 between the filter sock 34 andthe pump suction inlet 37. The tubes 38 prevent the filter sock 34 frombeing sucked into the pump fluid inlet. This permits substantially theentire area of the filter sock 34 to be utilized for filtering fluidflow.

The filter sock 34 is wrapped with an outer layer 39 made from a metalor plastic mesh-like material or perforated sheet material. The outerlayer 39 protects the filter sock 34 from tearing while inserting thepump 14 and filter apparatus 12 in the well casing 18 or from snaggingon rocks or sticks when the pump 14 is used in ponds or streams. Theouter layer 39 also limits deformation of the filter sock 34 from theforce of the blast of air during the cleaning process.

A conduit, such as a supply hose 40, is connected to the filterapparatus 12 for supplying a pressurized gas or liquid used to flush thefiltered particles screened by the filter apparatus 12. In oneembodiment, the supply hose 40 connects an air supply tank 42 to thefilter apparatus 12. Although the following embodiment uses air, anyother gas, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, anolyte,and the like, can be used. Alternately, a fluid, such as water can beused to flush the filter apparatus 12. An air compressor 44 pressurizesthe air in the air supply tank 42. In one embodiment, a relief valve 46is located in the air supply hose 40 between the air supply tank 42 andthe filter apparatus 12. When it is desired to clean the filter, anoperator turns on the compressor 44 and the pressure in the air supplytank begins to increase. When the pressure in the air supply tank 42reaches the appropriate pressure, the relief valve 46 opens to allow aburst of air to be directed to the interior of the filter apparatus 12.In another embodiment, the relief valve 46 is replaced by a manual valve(not shown) in the air supply hose 40 between the air supply tank 42 andthe filter apparatus 12 allowing an operator to provide a burst of airto the interior of the filter apparatus 12 either manually or throughthe use of a remotely operated valve. In one embodiment the valve is asolenoid valve allowing the flow of cleaning air to be controlledremotely by a switch or other remote control.

A control panel 48 may be provided that cooperates with the filterapparatus 12 and/or relief valve 46 such that the frequency of flushingcan be programmed or occur in response to any desired signal. Thisallows the user to have greater flexibility in selecting when a flushingcycle is to be performed. Also, the allowable time for flushing can bepre-established and programmed into the control panel. Such a program isnot necessary to perform any of the above cleaning procedures, since auser may effect such a cleaning procedure manually orsemi-automatically. Use of such a control panel 48, however, allows forprogramming and automatic cleaning to suit a particular installation.Although not illustrated, some embodiments will use any number ofpressure or temperature sensors to transmit signals to the control panel48 from various sensing points in the system 10. These points mayinclude the pump suction or discharge pressure, the air tank 42pressure, or the flushing supply hose 40 supply pressure for example.

FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the system using the filterapparatus 12. The supply hose 40 can supply fluid from the tank 32 toprovide a burst of fluid into the interior of the filter apparatus 12. Atee valve 47 in an output line 49 leading from the tank 32 can directfluid back to the filter apparatus 12. A solenoid valve 51 is located inthe supply hose 40 between tee valve 47 and the filter apparatus 12. Thesolenoid valve 51 can be controlled to provide flushing fluid flow tothe apparatus at desired intervals. Additionally, the solenoid valve 51can have a manual operator thereon to allow manual operation of thevalve or the supply hose 40 can have a bypass (not shown) with a manualvalve bypassing the solenoid valve 51 allowing an operator to controlthe flushing intervals.

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the filter apparatus 12, shownwithout the filter sock 34, for clarity. The filter apparatus 12 hasseveral hollow tubes 38 extending between a circular top manifold 50 anda circular bottom plate 52. In one embodiment, the tubes 38, the topmanifold 50 and bottom plate 52 are made of polyvinyl chloride. However,other suitable materials such as fiberglass, metal and plastics can beused. In one embodiment, the tubes 38 are heat fused to the top manifold50. Alternately, the tubes 38 are glued, threaded, welded or areotherwise fastened to the top manifold 50. The bottom plate 52 is heatfused to the tubes 38. Alternately, the bottom plate 52 is welded, gluedor removably attached to the tubes 38 using fasteners. In the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 3, the filter apparatus 12 has six tubes 38substantially evenly spaced around the outer circumference of the topmanifold 50 and the bottom plate 52 to form a substantially cylindricalfilter basket 54. Alternately, more or fewer tubes 38 can be used. Thetop manifold 50 and bottom plate 52 have a diameter large enough so thatthe submersible pump 14 and motor 16 will fit in the cavity 56 formed bythe filter basket 54. One skilled in the art will appreciate thatvarious sizes of filter baskets 54 can be manufactured to housedifferent sizes and shapes of the pump 14 and motor 16 that will bereceived therein. For example, filter baskets 54 can be manufacturedwith internal diameters of, for example, 4 inches, 6 inches, 8 inches,10 inches and 12 inches. Different numbers of tubes 38 can be used asdesired, taking into account such factors as the size of pump 14 to beused inside the filter apparatus 12 and the pressure differential acrossthe filter sock 34. For example, more tubes 38, such as 8 to 12, can beused in larger filter baskets 54 associated with larger pumps.

The top manifold 50 has a first hole 60 therein through which the pumpdischarge line 26 passes. A seal 61 extends around the pump dischargeline 26 so as to fill any space between the line 26 and the periphery ofthe first hole 60. The top manifold 50 has a second hole 62 thereinthrough which the electrical supply line 20 passes. A seal 63 isinstalled around the electrical supply line 20 so as to fill any emptyspace between the line 20 and the periphery of the second hole 62. Thetop manifold 50 also has a third opening 64 in a top surface thereofwith an adapter 66 located within the opening 64 to receive a first end68 of the air supply hose 40. The adapter 66 can be a threaded brassfitting for attaching the air supply hose 40 to the top manifold 50. Theadapter 66 can also be made from other materials, such as plastic, metaland the like.

In FIG. 4 it is seen that the top manifold 50 has six tube apertures 70located in the lower side 72 thereof. These apertures are eachconfigured to receive a corresponding hollow tube 38. An internalconcentric chamber 74 is located in the top manifold 50 to fluidlyconnect the third opening 64, to which the air supply hose 40 isattached, with the tube apertures 70 such that pressurized air from theair supply hose 40 passes into the hollow tubes 38. In one embodiment,the top manifold 50 can be made by aligning an upper plate 76 and alower plate 78 to place corresponding grooves (not shown) on each platein proper alignment, and then heat fusing, gluing, welding or boltingthe plates 76 and 78 together so as to form the internal chamber 74. Ofcourse any other method of making the manifold 50 can be used.

Each tube 38 contains a number of perforations or jets 80 therein. Whenpressurized air is inserted into the tubes 38, the air escapes out theperforations 80. In one embodiment, the perforations 80 are arranged intwo rows spaced about 180 degrees apart around the tube 38 to direct theburst of air along the inner surface of the filter sock 34.Alternatively, the rows of perforations 80 can be placed at angles lessthan 180 degrees apart to direct the air blasts more directly againstthe filter sock 34. The perforations 80 are longitudinally spaced alongthe hollow tubes 38 to provide air bursts along substantially the entirelength of the hollow tubes 38. In one embodiment, the perforations 80are spaced approximately every three inches along the tube 38 of aboutthree inches between perforations, however, other spacing can be used.

The filter sock 34 (See FIG. 1) is shaped like a tube sock. The diameterof the filter sock 34 is such that it may be snugly slid over the filterbasket 54 formed by the tubes 38. The length of the filter sock 34 is atleast long enough to cover the tubes 38. The upper perimeter of thefilter sock 34 preferably is sealed in a groove 82 in the perimeter ofthe manifold 50 by a suitable, easily removable tape, band, strap or anyother retainer to prevent particles from gaining access to the interiorof the filter basket 54 through an open end of the filter sock 34. In anembodiment where the filter element is a tube or the like, a lowerperimeter of the filter element can be sealed in a similar manner.

The filter apparatus 12 (FIG. 1) is installed around the pump 14 andmotor 16 by removing the bottom plate 52 and sliding the pump and motorinto the filter basket 54. The pump discharge line 26 is fed through thefirst hole 60 in the manifold. The electrical supply line 20 is fedthrough the second hole 62 in the manifold 50. The air supply hose 40 isattached to the adapter 66 on the manifold 50. The seals 61 and 63 arethen installed on the electrical supply line 20 and pump discharge line26. The bottom plate 52 is then attached to the tubes 38 and the filtersock 34 is slid over the filter basket 54. In another embodiment, thebottom plate 52 can be a ring with an opening therein. In thisembodiment, the bottom ring 52 can be permanently attached to the tubesas described above. The pump 14 is inserted into the filter basket 54through the opening. A seal on the bottom ring 52 conforms to an outersurface of the pump 14. The seal can be an o-ring or a flashing capableof creating a seal with various sizes of pumps.

In operation, the filter apparatus 12 containing the pump 14 and motor16 is lowered into a fluid containing particulate material that is to bepumped. The fluid is sucked through the filter sock 34 that is stretchedaround the filter basket 54 which removes the particulate matter. Thefluid then passes into the confines of the filter basket 54 and theninto the fluid inlet of the pump 14. Particulate material removed fromthe fluid is collected on the outer surface of the filter sock 34. Theouter surface of the filter sock 34 must be periodically flushed. Toflush the filter sock 34, air, gas, or cleaning fluid is directed downthe air supply hose 40 and into the internal chamber 74 of the topmanifold 50. The air, gas, or cleaning fluid is then distributed in thechamber 74 to each of the hollow tubes 38. The air, gas, or cleaningfluid then escapes out of the hollow tubes 38 through the perforations80 and is directed against the inner surface of the filter sock 34. Theflow of air, gas, or cleaning fluid in the reverse direction removes theparticulate material that has collected on the outer surface of thefilter sock 34.

In another embodiment, the filter apparatus 12 can be placed on the endof a pump suction line that is lowered into the fluid to be pumped. Inthis embodiment, the design of the filter basket 54 is substantially thesame, except that no electrical supply line passes through the manifoldand the pump suction line passes through the manifold instead of thepump discharge line.

In another embodiment for use in pumping from fluid supplies containingflammable fluids, the filter basket and the supply hose can be made fromflame and heat resistant materials. If a fire were to break out in thefluid supply, the system can be used to deliver an extinguishing agent,such as carbon dioxide.

FIG. 4A depicts a horizontal cross section view of the lower plate 78showing the positions of a set of apertures 70 which are fluidlyconnected to each tube 38. Lines 79 indicate both the positions ofperforations 80 on each tube 38 and the direction of the sprays of fluidflowing from each perforation 80. As in FIG. 4B which depicts a cutawayview depicting the tubes 38 below the apertures 70, tubes 38 have linesof perforations 80 extending in directions that are about 180 degreesfrom each other. When back flushing, adjacent sprays from perforations80 on adjacent tubes 38 meet and impinge on each other, creating anagitation effect, which produces a combined spray in the directionindicated by arrow 79A, which is generally perpendicular to the insideof the filter sock 34. This interaction advantageously increases thesurface area that is cleaned during backflushing.

FIG. 4C depicts a side view of a dual chamber embodiment of a manifold50. The first chamber 74, fed by supply line 40, may be configured toprovide a flushing medium to the perforations 80 in the tubes 38 forbackflushing the filter element 39. A second chamber 74A, fed by asecond supply line 40A, may be configured to provide a second mediumthrough a second set of perforations (not shown) on each of a second setof tubes 38A. In one embodiment, the second set of tubes 38A isconfigured to backflush a second, filter 39A. This second supply line 40may also provide a flow of chemical additives and or gases to thefiltration area using the tubes 38 a to enhance operation of the device.In one embodiment, these supply lines 40 may be configured to deliver anenhancing material comprising a flocculent. In other embodiment thisenhancing material may comprise a coagulant such as, for example, ironparticles. In yet another embodiment, the enhancing material maycomprise a viscosity reducing agent such as, for example, steam. Someembodiments, such as, for example, those where the second set of tubesis configured to deliver enhancing agents, may not include a secondfilter 39A. It is to be appreciated that embodiments of manifold 50 maycomprise additional chambers coupled to additional sets of tubes toprovide, for example, additional layers of filtering.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a system 100 for pumping fluid from a well orfluid source using multiple self cleaning filters 112 is shown. FIG. 5,for example, illustrates an embodiment of the system 100 with twoself-cleaning filters 112A and 112B. However, more filters 112, such asthree, four, or more can be used in the system 100. In the embodimentillustrated, each filter apparatus 112A and 112B encloses a submersiblepump 114 in combination with an electric motor 116, however less or morepumps 114 can be used in the system 100. Each submersible pump 114 andits associated electric motor 116 are preferably contained in a commonhousing and can be of conventional design. In one embodiment, thefilters 112A and 112B and pumps 114 are lowered into a fluid source 118.An electrical supply line 120 connects an appropriate electrical powersource 122 to the electric motors 116.

A first end 124 of a main discharge line 126 separates into two pumpdischarge branches 127A and 127B. The pump discharge branches 127A and127B connect to the submersible pumps 114 in the filters 112A and 112B,respectively. In embodiments with more than two filters 112A,B, the maindischarge line 126 will branch into multiple pump discharge branches sothat each filter is connected to the main discharge line. A second end128 of the pump discharge line 126 is attached to a typical fluid tank132 used for storing the pumped fluid. In operation, each filterapparatus 112A,B substantially prevents the material to be removed bythe filter, such as particles, salt, ions or other material that isdesired to be filtered, from entering the submersible pump 114. Althoughthis embodiment illustrates the filters 112A and 112B being used with asystem 100 to pump and filter water from a fluid supply, such as a pond,one skilled in the art will understand that the filters 112A and 112Bcan be used to filter other liquids, such as sea water, brackish water,salt water, oil, gas, sewage, chemicals, industrial waste, and can beused to pump liquids from ponds, streams, dewatering projects or othersources to any desired collection location. In one embodiment, thefilters 112A,B are placed at a depth below the surface of the fluid 118to be filtered such that the pressure of the fluid forces the fluidthrough the filter 112A,B.

Each filter apparatus 112A and 112B has a filter element 134 (partiallyremoved for clarity purposes) to screen out unwanted dissolved orsuspended particles and colloids, ions, microorganisms, pyrogens andviruses, other dissolved organics and inorganics, or abrasive materialssuch as sand and the like. In one embodiment, the filter element 134comprises a filter sock made of a synthetic fabric with 10-micronopenings. In other embodiments, the filter element 134 can comprise amembrane suitable for particle filtration, microfiltration,ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis. Any other filterelements 134 and/or filtration media with different sized openingsdesigned to filter impurities can also be used. For example, the filterelement 134 can be a tube or filter material wrapped around the filterapparatus 112A,B. During the filtering operation, some of the matterthat the filter element 134 screens out collects on the outside of thefilter element 134. The quantity of matter collected on or in the filterelement 134 affects the pressure drop across the filter element 134.Since an, excessive pressure drop across the filter element 134 cansignificantly reduce fluid flow and thereby adversely impact theperformance of the pump 114, or damage the filter element 134, thefilter element 134 must be periodically changed or appropriately backwashed or flushed to clean the accumulated particulate materialtherefrom.

In one embodiment, an electric control box 135 programs the pumps 114 topump in alternate pumping cycles. For example, as the pump 114 ispumping the filtered fluid through filter 112A and the branch pumpdischarge 127A to the supply tank 132, a portion of the pumped fluid isdirected through a first cross connect line 137A to back flush or cleanthe other filter 112B. Branch line check valves 138A and 138B direct theflow in the desired direction in the pump discharge branch lines 127Aand 127B. A second cross connect line 137B is used when the other pump114 is operating to back flush or clean the filter 112A. Cross-connectcheck valves 139A and 139B direct the flow of fluid through the crossconnect lines 137A and 137B in the proper direction. The system 100 canautomatically alternate pumps 114 through the electric control lines 120and the control box 135. With multiple pumps 114, continuous fluiddischarge can be provided to the tank 132 as desired or required, and aflushing fluid can simultaneously back flush and clean the filterelements 139 of a non-operating filter 112A,B.

In one embodiment, the pumps 114 are not located in the filterassemblies 112A,B but instead are located above the surface of the fluid118 to be pumped, as described above. In this embodiment, the lines127A,B are non-collapsible pump suction lines 127A,B that extend downinto the filter assemblies 112A,B and provide the suction. In this case,the pumps may be in the discharge tank 132 or outside of it. The flow ofcleaning fluid through cross-connect lines 137A,B can still becontrolled by cross-connect check valves 139A,B. In many embodimentsutilizing control of cross-connected flushing flow, the cross-connectcheck valves 139A,B will be remotely operated stop-check valves capableof stopping, starting and throttling flow, but only in one direction.Additionally, in many of the embodiments described herein, dischargevalves 138A,B will be remotely operated stop-check valves as well.

In one embodiment, cleaning additive supply lines 142 can also connectto the filters 112A and 112B. An injection system (not shown) connectedto a cleaning supply tank 144 filled with a cleaning fluid can be usedto supply additional cleaning solutions or gasses to clean and/ordisinfect the filters 112A,B.

In one embodiment, such back-washing is accomplished by directing burstsof a flushing fluid to the interior of the filter apparatus 112A,B andspraying this fluid forcefully in an outwardly direction againstinterior surfaces of the filter element 134 as explained above. Thefilter element 134 also can be wrapped with an outer layer made from ametal or plastic mesh-like material or perforated sheet material asdescribed above to add mechanical strength to the filter element 134 andprovide filtering as well. In some embodiments, another manifold (notshown) with either an additional or a separate supply line (not shown)and a set of additional tubes (not shown) on the outside of filterelement 134 may be added to the filter assembly 112A,B. The addition ofsuch an additional portion of a system will allow fluid being filteredto also be disinfected by injecting cleaning solution or gas through theadditional supply line, into the additional manifold, into theadditional outside tubes and out of the orifices therein thus mixingwith the fluid to be filtered that is being forced through the filterfabric. This will assist these embodiments in preventing unwantedorganisms from growing on the filter element 134. Then, after suchfiltering and disinfecting/treatment, this fluid may be ready for itsdesired use. By mixing a cleaning solution and or gas with the fluidbeing filtered prior to filtration, the accumulated filtered material onthe fabric will be much easier to backwash. This additional set of tubeswill also help protect and hold the filter element 134 in place,especially when high pressures or velocities are required to back flushthe fabric.

Still referring to FIG. 5, certain embodiments of the filter assembly112 are used in existing mechanical systems as well. Rather thanmounting the system 100 above the surface of a fluid 118 to be filtered,the filter apparatus can be inserted into a tank (not shown) or otherpressure vessel (not shown) wherein a pressure differential can beestablished across the filter element 134 to provide a motive force fordriving the fluid through the filter element. Some embodiments of thefilter assembly 112 are utilized in oil systems where impurities existin suspension or otherwise and must be removed to improve thelubricating characteristics of the oil. In these embodiments, the filterassembly 112 can be placed in an area downstream of the oil pump,wherein the pump supplies the differential pressure across the filterelement 134. In many embodiments, the filter assembly 112 will be placedin a part of the system where a drain plug or automatic drain valve (notshown) can periodically be used to drain sediment collecting in thevicinity of the outside of the filter element 134. Such embodiments willuse any of the other variations described herein to accomplish thepurpose of the system, namely recirculating fluid to flush the sedimentfrom the outside surface of the filter element 134. Some suchembodiments will allow a portion of the filtered oil to recirculate asthe flushing fluid as described elsewhere herein. One such oil system100 could be a car oil, transmission or fuel system where the filterassembly 112 is installed as an additional filtration system 100designed to operate as a replacement for, in series or in parallel withthe existing replaceable fluid system filters. However, the system 100can be used in ships, trains, large equipment or any other machinerylubrication system. The filtration material used in such systems 100 maybe any material suitable for filtration in the particular application.

Alternatively, some embodiments of the system 100 will be used in otherfiltration systems requiring the filtration of sediment or otherparticles. One such system is a wastewater treatment system. In suchsystems, the filter assembly 112 filters impurities from the fluid whileallowing the flushing fluid to periodically remove the sediment settlingout from the outer surface of the filter element 134. Again, the filterassembly 134 can be in a tank, a pressure vessel, a pipe or a specialenclosure wherein a differential pressure across the surface of thefilter element 134 causes flow of the fluid through the filter element134. In these systems, any of the filter materials described elsewhereherein can be used. For instance, in some embodiments filtration meshmay be used to remove large or bulk substances from the fluid for rapidremediation of highly contaminated water, or the system 100 can be usedin the final filtration process to remove microbes, volatile organiccompounds, or other particulate or dissolved impurities.

In another embodiment, the system 100 is used in applications thatutilize the pressure created by a fluid height to produce thedifferential pressure needed to overcome the resistance of the filterelement 134. One such application is a hilltop or mountain source orreservoir. A pipe or other fluid conducting system capable ofwithstanding relatively high pressures as needed or required, such asculverts, can be used to conduct the fluid from a height at which it isstored, down to the system 100 where it is to be filtered. The fluidheight leading from the elevated source down to the system 100 and thefiltered water level will develop a pressure if the water is contained.This pressure is applied to the outside surface of the element in theseembodiments to create flow of the fluid through the filter assembly 112and out of the assembly. This filter system 100 is self-cleaning andrequires no external power to create the filtered water, although thefiltered water may need to be transported elsewhere thereby utilizingpower. The height required to create sufficient pressure across thefilter element 134 will depend upon the type of filter element 134utilized. The greater the flow resistance created by the filter element134, the larger the fluid height will have to be. As described elsewhereherein, either some of the filtered fluid will be recirculated forflushing the filter assembly 112, or a separate flushing line 142 willbe utilized to flush the filter assembly 112.

Other embodiments utilize other natural sources of pressure to causeflow through the filter element 134. These sources can be geothermal orany other source of natural pressure. One embodiment utilizes thenatural pressure of oil wells to remove undesired impurities, dissolvedor particulate, from the oil removed from the wells, thereby conservingthe energy needed to perform this filtration after the oil has beenremoved from the ground. The pressure of the oil leaving the well willprovide motive force to drive the flushing fluid, some of the filteredoil in this case, through the filter assembly 112 to backflush thefilter element 134. Another embodiment uses the geothermal pressure ofwater in aquifers and other underground sources. The pressure created bythe heating of the water provides the pressure necessary to cause flowin these systems 100 through the filter element 134. Again, the type offilter element 134 will determine the amount of pressure needed,therefore, not all geothermal sources will be able to provide enoughpressure for some of the high differential pressure filter materials.Water filtered in these systems 100 can be disinfected as describedabove as well as filtered to provide the desired quality of outputwater. These are just a few examples of embodiments of the inventioncontemplated herein, and any source of pressure can be used to createflow of a fluid to be filtered through the filter assembly 112. Thesesystems can use external flushing systems such as those described abovewith respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 to provide the motive pressure forflushing the filter element 134, or any other system to provide suchpressure. Additionally, any other mechanical devices and systems can beused from the hydraulic pressure of the fluid source to create thepressure in the flushing line. This is true whether that hydraulicpressure be from the fluid height of elevated fluid source, from thepressure of the pressurized oil well or geothermic well, or existinglubricating systems in machinery or cars. Such equipment may include, insome embodiments turbo-pumps powered by the hydraulic pressure of thefluid being filtered to pressurize the flushing line. It is intendedthat these embodiments can utilize such energy conversion to operate thefiltration system 100 and apparatus 112 using as little external energyor electricity as possible.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a filter apparatus 212, shownwithout a filter element 139 for clarity, that is capable of directing acleaning fluid flow against the filter element 139 during pump 114operation. The filter apparatus 212 has several hollow tubes 238extending between a circular top manifold 250 and a circular bottomplate 252. In one embodiment, the tubes 238, the top manifold 250 andbottom plate 252 form a filter basket 254 and are made of polyvinylchloride. However, other suitable materials such as fiberglass or othercomposites, metals and plastics can be used. In some embodiments, thematerial used will depend on the application of the system 212. Forinstance, if a deep seawater application is desired, the material willbe chosen such that it can withstand the hydraulic, corrosive andmechanical effects of such an application. Suitable materials for suchan application might include, for example, stainless steel, titanium,inconel, or other alloys such as nickel-copper, or very strong plasticsor composites. In one embodiment, the tubes 238 are heat fused to thetop manifold 250. Alternately, the tubes 238 are glued, threaded, weldedor fastened to the top manifold 250.

Still referring to FIG. 6, the bottom plate 252 is heat fused to thetubes 238. Alternately, the bottom plate 252 is welded, glued orremovably attached to the tubes 238 using fasteners. In one embodiment,the filter apparatus 212 has six tubes 238 substantially evenly spacedaround the outer circumference of the top manifold 250 and the bottomplate 252 to form a substantially cylindrical filter basket 254.Alternately, more or fewer tubes 238 can be used. Each of the tubes 238has a number of orifices or perforations 290 running the length of thetube 238 for ejecting the fluid running through the tube 238. Theperforations 290 can simply be holes in the side of the tube 238 or theycan have varying shapes to create any number of velocity and spraypattern effects that the particular application may require. Forinstance, each perforation 290 may be larger on the inside of the tube238 and get smaller toward the outside of the tube 238 to increase thevelocity through the tube. In another embodiment, the perforations 290are larger as they are farther away from the bottom plate 252 in orderto evenly distribute the fluid along the length of the tubes 238. Theperforations 290 are distributed in one or more rows in one embodiment,while in other embodiments, the perforations 290 are not linearlylocated with respect to one another. In some embodiments, theperforations 290 are located in rows that face radially outward from thecenter of the filter apparatus 212 towards the surface of the filterelement (not shown), while in other embodiments, the rows ofperforations 290 from each tube 238 are not directed directly radiallyoutward from the center of the filter apparatus 212. In suchembodiments, the fluid directed from the perforations 290 will interactfrom fluid directed from perforations 290 from an adjacent tube 238while impinging the inner surface of the filter element (not shown).

The top manifold 250 and bottom plate 252 have a diameter large enoughso that a submersible pump (not shown) and a motor (not shown) will fitin a cavity 256 formed by the filter basket 254. One skilled in the artwill appreciate that various sizes of filter baskets 254 can bemanufactured to house different sizes and shapes of the pump and motorthat will be received therein. For example, filter baskets 254 can bemanufactured with internal diameters of, for example, 4 inches, 6inches, 8 inches, 10 inches and 12 inches, but they may be larger orsmaller as well. Different numbers of tubes 238 can be used as desired,taking into account such factors as the size of pump to be used insidethe filter apparatus 212 and the pressure differential across the filtersock 134. For example, more tubes 238, such as 8 to 12, can be used inlarger filter baskets 254 associated with larger pumps.

The top manifold 250 has a first hole 260 therein through which a pumpdischarge line 226 passes. A seal (not shown) extends around the pumpdischarge line 226 so as to fill any space between the line 226 and theperiphery of the first hole 260 as described above. The top manifold 250has additional holes therein (not shown) through which the electricalsupply line passes as described above. The top manifold 250 also has athird opening 264 in a top surface thereof with an adapter to receive aflushing fluid line 266. Preferably, the flushing fluid line 266 isconnected to the discharge line 226 such that a portion of the fluidbeing pumped is returned to the filter 212 as a flushing fluid. However,the flushing line 266 can also include a valve (not shown) to controlflow through it and can also be connected to an external cross-flowflushing system as described above. As can be seen, in this embodiment,the pump within the filter apparatus 212 supplies the force topressurize the flushing fluid to clean the filter apparatus 212. In someembodiments, a tee joint (not shown) will be used instead of a 90-degreebend from pump discharge line 226 for flushing fluid supply line 266,and check valve (not shown) is placed in line 266 so that a cleaningsolution/fluid can be incorporated in the back flushing and treatment offluid being filtered. In some embodiments using a suction line and nopump (not shown) in the filter assembly 212, flushing fluid line 266 canbe connected to a pressurized line (not shown) to supplyflushing/cleaning fluid to the filter apparatus 212. Such tee joints canbe especially useful for adding flushing lines 266 to those systems 100described above that are added to already existing systems, such as caroil systems, transmission fluid systems, geothermal water filtrationsystems, pressurized oil well filtration systems, or any other systemsutilizing backflushing not directly provided from the filtrationapparatus 212 itself.

In one embodiment, the bottom plate 252 can be a ring covered by thefilter medium such that some fluid flow can pass into the filter basket254 through the bottom plate 252. In one embodiment, the filter basketextends past the motor to allow sufficient area of filter material sothat there is a cooling flow past the motor. Additionally, the filterbasket 254 can be constructed so that the manifold 250 only covers aportion of the top of the filter basket such that the remaining portionof the top of the filter basket is covered with filter material so thatthis area can be used to filter incoming fluid.

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the manifold 250 and illustrates that insome embodiments the manifold 250 has a top plate 270, a middle plate272, and a bottom plate 274. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of themanifold 250. FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate that the middle plate 272 has afirst slot chamber 276 formed in an upper portion 278 thereof. The firstslot chamber 276 is configured to receive a flow flushing fluid from theflushing fluid line 266. In one embodiment, the flushing fluid line 266passes through the top plate 270 at an angle so that the flushing fluidflows in either a clockwise or counterclockwise motion in the slotchamber 276. The middle plate 272 has at least one opening 280 extendingthrough the middle plate 272. In some embodiments, the middle plate 272has several openings 280 with at least one, in some embodiments,associated with each one of the tubes 238. In one embodiment, theopenings are spaced substantially equidistant from one another aroundthe middle plate 272.

The bottom plate 274 has a second slot chamber 282 formed in an upperportion thereof. The bottom plate 274 has a number of tube apertures 284located in the lower side thereof connecting the second slot chamber 282with the tubes 238. These apertures 284 are each configured to receivethe corresponding hollow tube 238 as described above. Each tube 238contains a number of perforations 290 or jets therein. When apressurized flushing fluid is introduced into the tubes 238, theflushing fluid escapes out the perforations 290 and is directed againstthe filter element (not shown). The flushing fluid is of sufficientpressure so that as the flushing fluid is directed against the insidewall of the filter element, it overcomes the inward force caused by thepump intake (not shown) and the pressure of the of fluid to be filteredso that, at least in an area adjacent to the perforation 290, there is anet flow of fluid from the interior of the filter element to theexterior of the filter element, thereby removing particles entrapped onor in the filter element and cleaning the filter element.

In some embodiments, the openings 280 extend through the middle plate272 at an angle or are otherwise designed to increase the velocity ofthe fluid. In some embodiments, the openings 280 extend through themiddle plate 272 at an angle between 20 and 60 degrees, although anydesign to generate angular velocity in the fluid passing through theopenings 280 can be used. The various design choices, such as angles andshapes, for various embodiments will utilize the pressure-velocityrelationships of the fluid in these confined spaces to accelerate thefluid flowing through the openings 280. The flushing fluid flowing in acircular motion in the first slot chamber 276 enters the openings 280and is projected through the middle plate 272 and into the second slotchamber 282 in the bottom plate 274. The pressurized fluid flowing at anangle causes a circular fluid flow in the second slot chamber 282 in thebottom plate 274.

An arcuate blocking piece 286 is positioned in the second slot chamber282. The blocking piece is shaped so that it fits in the second slotchamber and is free to rotate around the bottom plate 274 in the secondslot chamber 282. During operation, the blocking piece 286 is pushed ina circular motion around the bottom plate 284 by the pressurizedflushing fluid flow. As the blocking piece 286 moves around the secondslot chamber 282, it periodically covers one or more of the apertures284 leading to the tubes 238. Accordingly, when the blocking piece 286is covering an aperture 284 leading to a particular tube 238, flushingfluid is prevented from entering the tube 238, or is otherwiserestricted.

The blocking piece 286 can be designed to simultaneously cover anduncover as many apertures 284 as desired. In some embodiments, only oneaperture 284 is uncovered at any one time, while in other embodimentsmultiple or many apertures 284 can be uncovered. During the times whenlittle or no flushing fluid is entering the tube 238, fluid to befiltered and pumped can freely pass through the filter element. In someembodiments, the blocking piece 286 has a number of vanes 288 on anupper surface thereof. The fluid flowing through the openings 280 in themiddle plate 272 impinges on the vanes 288 and aids in causing theblocking piece 286 to rotate around the bottom plate 274 in the secondslot chamber 282.

The vanes 288 can be designed in various ways to accept the kineticenergy of the fluid flowing through the openings 280 to cause rotationof the blocking piece 286. The vanes can be flat notches cut radiallyout of the blocking piece 286, or they can have angled or curved leadingor trailing edges.

In some embodiments of the invention, the openings 280 are locatedradially outside of the first slot chamber 276 and are directed down tobottom plate 274 to the outer edge of the second slot chamber 282. Inthese embodiments, the openings 280 continue down from the middle plate272 to the lower plate 274 and then are directed partially radiallyinward and at a tangential angle to impinge on the radially outward edgeof the blocking piece 286 where the fluid flow can be directed at atangential angle inward toward the blocking piece 286 and parallel toits movement. The vanes 288 on the blocking piece 286, in theseembodiments are on the radially outside edge of the blocking piece 286,thus receiving the flow and kinetic energy from the openings 280. Theseembodiments will reduce a downward force on the blocking piece 286allowing easier movement due to increased horizontal force, where thefilter assembly 212 is in a vertical position, which results in lessrestriction of movement of the blocking piece 286. These are designchoices that are made in several embodiments and can be implemented asseen fit for each application.

Still referring to FIG. 8, one or more intermittent grooves 292 can beadded to the upper face of the bottom plate 274 in an annular directionwith each groove 292 positioned between two adjacent apertures 284. Theuse of one or more grooves 292 in some embodiments helps reduce frictionbetween the blocking piece 286 and the bottom plate 274, therebyfacilitating rotation of the blocking piece 286.

Another embodiment of a manifold 250 is depicted in FIG. 8A. In thisembodiment, the middle plate 272 comprises an oval or elliptical shapedslot 302 located on a first surface thereof. A mating oval shaped slot304 is located on the surface of lower plate 274, forms an oval slotchamber in which the blocking piece 286 may be rotated by the force ofthe flow of fluid through the manifold 250. In one embodiment, theblocking piece 286 is a substantially spherical ball. Rotation of theblocking piece 286 in the oval results in a periodic variation in theacceleration of the blocking piece 286 during its orbit through the ovalpath defined by the slots 302 and 304. The manifold 250 vibrates inresponse to the varying centripetal force of the piece 286. Thevibration of the manifold 250 in turn causes vibration of the attachedtubes 238. This vibration improves the efficiency of filter or membranecleaning and helps to prevent fouling of filters and membranes. In theembodiment depicted in FIG. 8A, the apertures 284 are positioned outsidethe circumference of the oval. Thus, rather than directly blocking theflow of fluid to each aperture 284, the blocking piece 286 sequentiallyblocks the flow of fluid to a channel 306 that fluidly couples acorresponding aperture 284 to the slot 304. Slot 304 is in turn fluidlycoupled to the flow of fluid through the manifold 250 by oval slot 302.

FIG. 8B depicts another embodiment of the manifold 250, similar to FIG.8A, except that in this embodiment the tubes 238 are arranged, forexample, in a generally oval or elliptically shaped pattern, with eachtube 238 fluidly coupled to the respective aperture 284 that is locatedwithin the slot 304. Moreover, the entire manifold 250 may have an ovalshape matching the eccentricity of the oval slot 302/304 forapplications which do not require the manifold 250 to be circular inshape in order to fit into, for example, a well. While oval orelliptical shaped slots have been specifically disclosed, the inventionmay be embodied in other shapes as well, such as a figure-8, forexample, all of which are included within the scope of the inventivesubject matter.

FIG. 9, is a perspective view of a filter assembly 912 of one embodimentof the invention. This filter assembly 912 utilizes a pump dischargeline 926, which in embodiments not using a submersible pump (not shown)would be a suction line. As in other embodiments, the pump dischargeline 926 extends through the top of the filter assembly 912 and into themiddle of the filter assembly 912 itself. The filter assembly 912 alsouses a flushing supply line 966 to supply flushing fluid to the filterassembly 912 for back flushing the filter assembly 912. Finally, theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 9 incorporates an expansion line 970 thatextends from the middle of the filter assembly 912 up through the top930 and up to the surface of the fluid being pumped thereby exposing thefilter assembly 912 to atmospheric pressure. For instance, if the filterassembly 912 were used at a depth of 800 feet beneath the surface of theocean, the inside of the filter assembly 912 would be at or aboutatmospheric pressure, while the outside of the filter assembly 912 wouldexperience a pressure of about 357 psi above atmospheric. As fluid beganto flow through the filter element 939, it would eventually fill up theinside of the filter assembly 912 and begin to rise up the expansionline 970 thereby raising the pressure in the inside of the filterassembly 912 and decreasing the differential pressure between theoutside and inside of the filter assembly 912. However, in embodimentsusing a submersible pump (not shown), the water building up in theexpansion line 970 provides net positive suction head to the suction ofthe pump, which can aid in the pumping efficiency of many pumps. As thepump begins to pump the filtered fluid up the discharge line 926 to thesurface, the level of fluid in the expansion will drop until there is abalance between the flow rate of the pump and the rate of filtrationthrough the filter assembly 912, at which time the level in theexpansion line 970 will stabilize at a steady state level. In someembodiments, the pump efficiency will be unrelated to the suction headprovided by the expansion line 970 and the level in the expansion linewill always change unless the pumping rate is equivalent to thefiltration rate.

The vent or expansion line 970 may, as in the embodiment depicted inFIG. 4C, be coupled to the second supply hose 40A. In one embodiment ofthe manifold 50, such as in FIG. 4C, the second supply hose 40A may becoupled to the vent or expansion line 970 which is in turn coupled tothe atmosphere.

Embodiments of a self cleaning filter apparatus 12 may also be used inconjunction with a system for pumping, filtering and purifying waterfrom rivers or streams to obtain potable water. Pumping water through aself cleaning filter apparatus 12 minimizes the inflow of solids andthus reduces, or eliminates, the expense of providing a settling basinand maintenance costs associated with removing the sediment from thebasin. FIG. 10 depicts one embodiment of a filtration system 1001, whichcomprises a self-cleaning filter apparatus 12 for pumping water from astream or river. In the depicted embodiment, the self cleaning filterapparatus 12 is placed horizontally into a flow of water. The intake ofthe filter apparatus 12 faces into the direction of water flow. Toprevent trash and other larger debris from impinging on the filterapparatus 12, an outer cage 1010 surrounds filter apparatus 12.

In one embodiment, the outer cage 1010 is a trapezoidal shaped cage. Abottom member 1020 of the cage 1010 may be constructed of a solid,non-permeable, plate. Preferably, the other three side members 1015 aremade of 2 mm wedge wire screen. A leading member 1024 of the cage 1010may comprise two solid, non-permeable plates defining a “V” shape 1026and two solid non-permeable top and bottom plates 1027. A rear surface,or trailing, member 1012 may comprise a wire screen material. The shapeof the leading member 1024 gives the front of outer cage 1010 a shape asimilar to the front of a boat. That is, the side members 1015 may beangled inwardly with respect to a centroid defined by the cage 1010 fromthe leading member 1024 to the trailing member 1012. The top member 1015and the bottom member 1020 of the front of the cage 1010 may alsocomprise solid surfaces. This relatively aerodynamic shape helps todivert flowing water around the cage 1010 and to reduce the force of theflowing water current on the cage 1010. In another embodiment,illustrated by FIG. 10A, the front member 1024 may comprise a solid,non-permeable cone shaped plate coupled to a single cylindrical meshside member 1015.

Returning to FIG. 10, when the filtration system 12 is placed in a riveror stream, debris, for example, trash, may be present and tend toaccumulate around the filter. Moreover, water fauna, including fish suchas the silvery minnow, may accumulate on the cage 1010. Preferably, theouter cage 1010 narrows from front to back by having the top and sidesurface members 1015 angled off the parallel of the flow of current, andslightly into the filter apparatus 12 such that the cage 1010 has across section that decreases along the length of each side 1015 from theleading surface member 1024 to the trailing surface member 1012. Thus,when debris in the water flow encounters the cage 1010, the water flowwill tend to push any debris down stream, and thus off of the cage 1010.Preferably, the area of the screen is large enough in proportion to therate of water flow through the pump that the flow of water through thescreen is less than the rate of the river/stream.

In one embodiment, the side members 1015 may also be angled outwardlywith respect to the centroid defined by the cage 1010 from the bottommember 1020 to the top member 1015. Thus, gravity tends to pull debrisdown and away from the side members 1015 to further reduce the foulingor clogging of side members 1015.

As described above the outer cage 1010 filters large debris out of theflow of water. The self cleaning filter apparatus 12 further performs amicro-filtration of the water as discussed herein. Preferably, the sides1015 of cage 1010 comprise a filter mesh. In preferred embodiments, thefilter apparatus 12 comprises a filter element 34 having a mesh orfilter size smaller than that of the sides 1015.

In one embodiment, a submersible pump and motor 1040 are disposed withinthe filter apparatus 12 to pump the filtered water to the surface. Inanother embodiment, a filtration system 1001 comprises a surface waterpump. Filtered water passes to the surface through a discharge line1050.

FIG. 11 depicts a top profile view of one embodiment of the filtrationsystem 1001. The side members 1015 of the outer cage 1010 are configuredwith respect to the flow of fluid and the leading member 1024 so thatthe flow of fluid carries debris away from the side members 1015 andthereby helps to prevent fouling or clogging. In the embodiment depictedin FIG. 11, water flowing as indicated by arrow 1202 passes over thefront member 1024 of the cage 1010. The flow continues along the sidemembers 1015 of the cage 1010, and through the mesh side 1015 asindicated by arrow 1204. Because this direction 1204 is skewed slightlyinto the cage 1010 from the general direction 1202 of the flow, trashand debris tend to be carried past the side members 1015 by the flow indirection 1202 without accumulating. Within the cage 1010, pump suctioncauses water to flow in the direction of arrow 1206 into the filterapparatus 12 and then to the surface. By utilizing a filtration system1001, maintenance costs associated with clogging and fouling of thefilter system 1001 by debris are reduced. In addition, the impact ofsuch pumping on water fauna, including endangered species such as theSilvery Minnow, is reduced.

When using the filter apparatus 12 according to filter embodimentsdisclosed herein, sediment may tend to settle in the fluid body aftercleaning the filter. This may be particularly problematic when thefilter apparatus 12 is installed in a confined space such as, forexample, a deep well. For example, sand may tend to settle in the areaaround the filter apparatus 12 in water well. Embodiments according tothe invention may be used to remove such sediment without removing thepump from the well, as discussed in detail below.

As depicted in FIG. 12, in one embodiment, a several filter apparatus 12are disposed within the filtration system 1001. Preferably, one surfacepump 1102 is fluidly connected to the discharge line 1050 of each of theseveral filter apparatus 12. In one embodiment, for example, two pumps1102 and 1104 are each fluidly connected to the discharge line 1050 ofthree filter apparatus 12. In one embodiment, additional mesh surfaces1015 separate each of the plurality of filter apparatus 12 from eachother.

FIG. 13 depicts a side cross sectional view of one embodiment of asettlement removal system 1300 that includes the self-cleaning filtersystem 12. The system 1300 comprises a well casing 1301, a submersiblepump 1302, a manifold 1303, and the self-cleaning filter 12. A sedimentdischarge line 1305 allows the sediment to be carried therethrough tothe surface by one or more venturi jet lifts 1307. A pressure line 1306supplies the high pressure needed for the jet lifts 1307. It has beenfound that by placing one ore more venturi jet lifts 1307 along adischarge line 1305, sediment can be removed from even very deep wells.The filter system 12 receives filtered fluid which, in an embodimentusing a submersible pump, passes through the submersible pump 1321 andinto a discharge, or filtered fluid pipe 1317.

A backflush line 1321 connects the manifold 1303 of filter apparatus 12to a tank 1315. If air is pulled or sucked into a pump, damage mayoccur. In one embodiment, in-line on the back flush line 1321 is an aircheck valve 1308A. In another embodiment, a fluid level pump shut offswitch 1308B is configured in-line of line 1321. An embodiment havingeither an air check valve 1308A or a shut off switch 1308Badvantageously reduces the danger of air being sucked into, and therebydamaging, the pump.

In one embodiment, the air check valve 1308A comprises a floating ballin a chamber that is placed in-line on back flush line 1321. When thefluid level is below that of the valve 1308A, the ball will fall bygravity and seal the outlet from the chamber to the manifold, preventingair from entering the manifold and filter. A fluid such as water is bestused for back flushing in conjunction with this embodiment.

In another embodiment, a pump shut off switch 1308B may be placed in theback flush line 1321 at, for example, a position along line B-B. Switch1308B may comprise a pair of sensors 1380, a control circuit (notshown), and an electrical switch (not shown). The sensors 1380 may beconfigured to send a signal along sensing cables 1381 to a controlcircuit to change the state of the electrical switch. In one embodiment,the electrical switch closes to run the pump 1302 when water is touchingor in contact with both of the sensors 1380. If the fluid goes below thelevel the sensors 1380, the circuit is broken and the pump 1302 is shutoff. In one embodiment, the system 1300 may comprise both an air checkvalve 1308A and a pump shut off switch 1308B. The air check valve 1308Ahelps to prevent air from infiltrating the system when, for example, aclog elsewhere in the system causes pump suction to pull air into theback flush line 1321. When this occurs, a pump shut off switch 1308Bfurther prevents the pump from causing the system to implode.Preferably, when using both the valve 1308A and the switch 1308B, theswitch 1308B is placed above the valve 1308A with respect to fluid leveland proximity to the surface of the fluid, as indicated by line B-B, toallow the sensing cables attached to sensors 1380 to travel inside theback flush line 1321 to the fluid surface and the control circuit.

A solenoid valve 1312 is located in the backflush line 1321 between thesupply tank 1315 and the filter apparatus 12. In one embodiment, an airinlet 1309 lets air into a vacuum valve 1310 which is connected to theback flush line 1311. The vacuum valve 1310 is located inline with acheck valve 1311 which is then tied into the back flush line 1321. Thesecomponents allow venting through the back flush line 1321 while pumping.As discussed herein with respect to the vent line 970, venting to theatmosphere tends to increase the pressure differential across the filtermembrane and thereby increase fluid throughput in the system 1300. Aninlet 1314 may be connected to a valve 1313 to allow chemical agents tobe injected before or during the back flushing cycle. Chemical agentsmay be useful in the cleaning process if the filter is very clogged orcaked. In an embodiment with a submersible pump, a pump drive shaft 1316is provided in the discharge or filtered fluid pipe 1317.

FIG. 14 depicts the remaining below ground portion of the embodiment ofthe sediment removal system depicted in FIG. 13 connected along a lineA-A in each figure. The pressure line 1306 delivers a high pressure flowof water to a venturi jet pump 1318 and, in one embodiment, a venturijet lift 1341. The venturi jet pump 1318 couples the pressure line 1306with the sediment discharge line 1305 to provide the necessary pressureto suck sediment from, for example, the bottom of a deep well. Thissediment removal process advantageously reduces fouling or clogging offilters and helps to reduce sediment caused damage to any pumps in-linewith the system.

In one embodiment, lines 1306 and 1305 may pass within the manifold 1303and base plate 1319 to the surface to allow more room between the filterapparatus 12 and casing 1301. In another embodiment, such as where morespace is available, the lines 1305 and 1306 may venturi run between thefilter apparatus 12 and the inside of the well casing 1301. FIG. 15illustrates a close up view of a venturi jet lift 1401, comprising thepressure tube 1306 and a venturi jet 1307, which may be placed atintervals as required for a particular depth well along the dischargetube 1305. In operation in a deep well, the sediment removal system 1300may be run either continuously or as needed, depending, for example, onthe amount of sediment in the well and the rate of water pumping toprevent sediment from accumulating around the filter apparatus 12.

FIG. 16 depicts the above ground portion of the embodiment of thesediment removal system depicted in FIG. 13 connected along a line C-Cin each figure. After the sediment is removed to the ground surface by,for example, venturi jets 1307 as illustrated in FIG. 14, the sediment,suspended in the flow of water, enters a sealed pressure vessel 1323from the sediment discharge line 1305. The pressure vessel 1323 maycomprise a filter bag 1324 and sealed lid 1322, and a cage/screen. Thecage 1326 separates the filter bag 1324 from the pressure vessel 1323 toform a space for fluid to pass through the filter bag 1324. While thecage 1326 is not necessary, if one is not present, the filter bag 1324may tend to press against the sides of the pressure vessel 1323 and thusreduce the usable surface area of the filter bag 1324 and thus reducethe flow rate of fluid through he filter bag 1324. After fluid/sedimentmixture enters the vessel through discharge line 1305, the sediment 1325remains and the filtered fluid drains back into the well case 1301through line 1327. Advantageously, the sediment material may comprisewashed sand, a valuable resource.

While in one embodiment, fluid that passes through the pressure vessel1323 may pass back into the well or fluid body through line 1327, it isto be appreciated that in other embodiments, line 1327 may be used tosupply water from the well or fluid body. In still another embodimentthe line 1327 may be configured to supply the water to the high pressureline 1306.

To supply the driving force for the venturi pump and lifting jets, apressure booster pump 1334 may receive fluid from the discharge pipe1317 through a line 1328. The solenoid valve 1312 on line 1328 may openautomatically when the pressure booster pump 1334 is turned on. The useof venturi jets, which function to remove sediment, allows the pump 1334to remain conveniently on the surface in place of a second submersiblepump.

It has been found that clogging and fouling of cross flow membranes maybe reduced by configuring the flow of fluids in a cross flow filtrationsystem to provide a shearing flow of fluid generally parallel to thecross flow membrane surface that flushes sediment away from the crossflow membrane. FIG. 17 depicts one embodiment of a filtering system 1700that accomplishes this flushing activity by use of cross flow membranetechnology and two submersible pumps. The system 1700 may also use thenatural pressure differential created by gravity, discussed with respectto FIG. 9, by placing the system 1700 at the required depth below thestatic or dynamic fluid surface to enhance pumping pressure in thesystem. It is to be appreciated that while certain embodiments arediscussed with respect to cross flow membranes, embodiments may beconstructed using other types of filters, such as, for example, meshfilters, or ceramic filters. Moreover, as would be apparent to one ofskill in the art, while certain embodiments are discussed with respectto a single filter, other embodiments may be constructed with aplurality of filters and associated pipes to, for example, obtainincreased flow rates.

In the filtering system 1700, a pump 1701 is housed within a shroud 1702which may comprise a tube or cylindrically shaped impermeable surface.In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 17, the pump 1701 comprises asubmersible pump and motor. The pump 1701 pulls a fluid to be filtered,e.g. water, through an inlet 1703. The fluid may be filtered by aninitial filter, such as, for example, the self cleaning filter apparatus12, discussed above. The fluid passes through a sealed opening in a pumpmount 1704 to form a flow of fluid 1705 within a pressure tube chamber1706. The pump mount 1704 may comprise a seal that separates the fluidwithin the shroud from that flowing within the pressure tube chamber1706.

The pressure tube chamber 1706 encloses a filtered fluid chamber 1720.One or more fluid outlets 1710 may be placed around the circumference ofthe pressure tube chamber 1706 to provide a path for fluid that does notenter the filtered fluid chamber 1720 to flow out of the tube.

The filtered fluid chamber 1720 comprises a cross flow membrane 1722which forms the sides of the chamber 1720. The chamber 1720 may have anon-permeable end 1724. At the top end 1706 of the chamber 1720, achamber connection ring 1726 secures the filtered fluid chamber 1720 tothe pressure chamber 1730 and fluidly connects the filtered fluidchamber 1720 with a pump chamber 1730 via an opening in the centerportion of the ring 1726. The pump chamber 1730 preferably comprises animpermeable surface 1731 which encloses a pump 1734. The top of thechamber 1730 may comprise a seal 1732 through which passes a dischargetube 1740. The top of the pressure tube chamber 1706 may comprise anon-permeable surface 1708 which also forms a top seal around thedischarge tube 1740. The discharge tube 1740 carries filtered fluid outof the system 1700. An expansion, or vent tube 970 may also pass throughthe seal 1732 fluidly connecting the interior of the pump chamber 1730with atmospheric pressure so as to increase the pressure differential,as discussed previously.

Thus, with the aid of the pump 1701, fluid may first pass through anadditional self cleaning fluid apparatus 12 into the pressure tubechamber 1706, where a portion of that fluid flows across the cross flowmembrane 1722 and into the chamber 1720. The remainder of the fluid inthe chamber 1706, which will have a concentrated level of impurities,flows parallel to the cross-flow membrane 1722 and out of the pressuretube chamber 1706 through the outlets 1710. The fluid which passedthrough the membrane 1722, flows through an opening in the chamberconnection ring 1726 and into the pump chamber 1730. The fluid thenpasses from the pump chamber 1730 through the discharge tube 1740 andout of filtering system 1700. The parallel flow along the cross flowmembrane 1722 forces sediment away from the membrane 1722 to reduceclogging and fouling of the membrane 1722. Preferably, the outlets 1710are positioned at a distance from the inlet 1703 that prevents fluidwith the concentrated level of impurities from entering the inlet 1703without first being diluted by fluid in the surrounding fluid body.

As discussed above with respect to FIG. 9, the expansion, or vent, tube970 may fluidly connect the pump chamber 1730 to the atmosphere. Thefilter system 1700 is preferably located at a depth, indicated by line1750, from the surface of the fluid body 1752 in which the system 1700is submerged which depth is sufficient to provide adequate gravitypressure for the fluid to pass through the cross flow membrane. In oneembodiment, the vent tube 970 may comprise a gas/fluid separator chamber1760. As shown in detail in FIG. 18, the gas/fluid separator 1760 maycomprise a chamber 1801. A gas filled sphere 1802 is configured to floatwithin fluid in the chamber 1801 when the tube is submerged. A stop 1804may be provided across the chamber 1801 to limit the upward flotation ofthe sphere 1802. In one embodiment, the stop may, for example, comprisea screen material which is connected to the interior surface forming thechamber 1801. The lower end of the chamber 1801 may be shaped to form agas seal 1808. In normal operation, an air/water interface is formed ata height 1806 such that the sphere 1802 floats above the seal 1808. Theheight 1806 may depend, for example, on the atmospheric pressure and onthe operation of pumps 1701 and 1734. In the event that membrane 1722should become clogged, the suction generated by the pump 1734 will causethe air/interface to drop below the height of the gas seal 1808. In thiscircumstance, the sphere 1802 will fall under the force of gravity andblock air from passing through the gas seal 1808. The pump 1734 willthus be protected from damage that could be caused by air. One skilledin the art will recognize that level sensors (not shown) may be placedinside the vent tube 970 near the seal 1732 to shut off the pumps 1734and 1701, if necessary. Pressure sensors may also be placed in at leastone of the inside the chambers 1706 or 1730 to detect and provide awarning of extreme pressures which might cause an implosion of therespective chamber. Electrical supply lines 1742 may pass through topseal 1708 to couple with the pump 1734 or the pump 1701. The electricalsupply lines may pass through the side of the pressure tube 1706 tocouple with the pumps 1701 and 1734.

FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment of the filter system 1700comprising a single, high flow pressure pump 1701. This embodiment maybe particularly advantageous when used in shallow bodies of fluid whereadditional pumping force from more than a single pump is not required.In this embodiment, the filter fluid chamber 1720, comprising cross flowmembrane 1722, extends to the top surface 1708 of the pressure chamber1706. Water flows directly from the interior of the chamber 1720,through the top surface seal 1708 into the discharge tube 1740.

FIG. 20 depicts still another embodiment of the filtering system 1700which is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 19 but in which the pumps1701 and 1734 are located above the surface of the body of fluid 1752 inplace of submersible pumps. This surface pump arrangement may beadvantageous in locations where submersible pumps are difficult to poweror maintain. In this embodiment, the pump 1701 is fluidly connected toan outer suction tube 1706. The outer suction tube 1706 surrounds thefiltered fluid chamber 1720 and cross flow membrane 1722. The pump 1701pulls fluid in through the inlet 1703, and past the membrane 1722. Theportion of the fluid having a concentrated level of impurities flowsthrough the tube 1706, to the surface, and then is discharged back tothe fluid body via the discharge tube 2008. The portion of the fluidthat passes through the membrane 1722 flows through the suction tube2004 which is fluidly connected to the chamber 1720, to the pump 1734,and out thorough a clean fluid discharge 2006. In one embodiment, thesuction tube 2004 is centered within the tube 1706 by centering rings2012, which may be placed at the ends of the filtered fluid chamber1720. A discharge tube 2004 passes through a sealed opening 2007 in thetube 1706 in order to exit the interior of the tube 1706 and then tobring filtered fluid out of the system 1700 via pump the 1734.

FIG. 20A depicts a detailed cross sectional view of one embodiment ofthe centering ring 2012 taken along a line 20A-20A. An outer member2040, which may fit in contact with an inner surface of the tube 1706,is coupled to an inner member 2030, which may fit in contact with anouter surface of the tube 2004, by a set of struts 2032. The open areasbetween the struts 2032, which extend from the inner member 2030 to theouter member 2040, form the inlets 1703.

FIG. 21 depicts an embodiment of the filtering system 1700 that issimilar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, but with the tubes 2004 notplaced within the tube 1706. The pump 1701 is used to supply pressure tocause fluid to flow along the filter membrane 1722, while the pump 1734supplies suction creating the pressure differential across the membrane1722. The filter may be placed at a depth 1750 below the surface of thefluid body to provide additional pressure around the outside of thefilter membrane 1722 and inside the pressure tube 1706. Some embodimentsmay also comprise the seal 1726 and the vent tube 970 (not shown). Ifpre-filtration is required, the self cleaning filter 12 may be placed onthe dirty fluid suction tube 2104. In operation, fluid flows through atube 2104, through pump 1701, and on through tube 2103, after which itenters the pressure chamber 1706 via the seal 1726. A portion of thefluid passes along filter 1722 and out through the discharge tubes 2111.A second portion of the fluid flows across membrane 1722 and thenthrough tube 2004 and out clean discharge tube 2006 via pump 1734. Theportion of fluid that passes along the membrane 1722 and out through thedischarge tubes 2111 helps to minimize clogging and following of thefilter membrane 1722. Advantageously, this arrangement of fluid inletsand outlets allows initially filtered fluid, from filter apparatus 12 tobe removed from one location in the fluid body where, for example,sediment is less likely to fowl the filter apparatus 12. Finerfiltration, such as, for example, reverse osmosis filtering, may thenoccur through the membrane 1722 at another location in the body of fluidthat has, for example, current flow that disperses the concentratedimpurities that remain from the filtering action of the membrane 1722.

As will be apparent to one of skill in the art, if pumps, such as 1701are placed on a stable surface 2110, the filter system 1700 may alsofunction as the filter vibration devices, such as in a manifold 250 asdiscussed with respect to, e.g., FIG. 7, or such as discussed below withrespect to, e.g. FIGS. 23A-C and 24.

FIG. 22 depicts an embodiment of the filtering system 1700 in whichfluid flows into the filter system 1700 through the self-cleaning filter12 as described with respect to FIG. 21 but with a concentric pipearrangement for cross flow filtering as described with respect to FIG.21. Thus, this embodiment combines the advantages discussed with respectto FIG. 21 but with the convenient single pipe assembly of FIG. 20. Thusin operation, fluid enters the pipe 2104 via the filter apparatus 12 andis forced by the pump 1701 into the pressure tube 1706. From there issimilar to the flow described with respect to FIG. 20, however, thefluid flow direction in the tube 1706 is opposite to the direction offlow of fluid in the tube 2004. Thus, fluid exits through the inlet 1703formed by centering ring 2012 rather than entering through the inlet1703.

It has also been discovered that while performing ionic, molecular,micro and particle filtration, vibration of a filter during backflushing or cross flow filtration greatly improves the efficiency offiltering. Vibration also reduces fouling of the filters and thusreduces maintenance costs associated with operation of a filteringsystem. In addition to vibrating the manifold 250, as discussed withrespect to FIGS. 8A and 8B, other embodiments of a filtering system maybe constructed in which vibration devices powered by the flow of thefiltered medium, or the backflushing medium. Embodiments of filteringapparatus 12 or filtering system 1700 as described herein may furthercomprise vibrators 2300 such as those depicted in FIGS. 23A-23C whereina tube 2302 coupled to the vibrator 2300 is further coupled to a tubesuch as, for example, back flushing supply tubes 40, or discharge orsuction tubes 26 to prevent sediment buildup on the filter and toimprove sediment removal during back flushing. The vibrator 2300 may bepowered by a flow of fluid within the attached filtering system. Forexample, in one embodiment, the vibration device may be powered by aportion of fluid from the flow of filtered fluid through the system. Thevibrator 2300 may thus be configured to continuously vibrate duringfiltering operation. In another embodiment, the vibration device 2300may be coupled to a pipe carrying fluid for backflushing. The vibrator2300 may thus be configured to vibrate during backflushing.

FIGS. 23A, 23B, and 23C each depict embodiments of flow poweredvibrators 2300 based on a wheel 2310, which respectively haveimbalancing features that comprise: an imbalancing weight 1308, anoff-center axis mounting and, a shape generally defining an ellipse. Avibrator 2300 may be connected at any suitable location to a filteringsystem as discussed above. For example, a vibrator may be fluidlycoupled to the filtered fluid pipe 26 or the supply pipe 40 of the selfcleaning filter 12. If coupled to the filtered fluid pipe 26, thevibrator 2300 may be configured to vibrate continuously as the fluid isfiltered by the filter apparatus 12. If coupled to the back flush supplypipe 40, the vibrator 2300 may be configured to vibrate during backflushing of the filter apparatus 12.

FIG. 23D depicts a top view corresponding to each of these threeembodiments taken along a line A-A in each of FIGS. 23A, 23B, and 23D.In each embodiment, a tangential flow rotates the paddles 2301 on eachwheel 2310 which, due to the imbalancing features of each wheelembodiment 2310, produces vibration in the form of periodic motion ofthe apparatus 2300 along line 2303. The wheel 2310 may be coupled viaaxles 2312 to flanges 2314. The flanges 2314 are coupled to a mountingplate 2307 via a bracket 2305. The mounting plate 2307 may form one sideof a vibration chamber 2306 in which a portion of the wheel may berecessed from a tube 2302. The tube 2302 may be coupled inline to, forexample, a back flushing supply tubes 40,and thus configured to vibrateduring backflushing, or the discharge or suction tube 26, and thusconfigured to vibrate continuously during operation. In each embodimentshown in FIGS. 23A, 23B and 23C, the wheel 2310 rotates along an axisthat does is misaligned with respect to the center of mass of the wheel2310. Thus, rotation of the wheel generates a periodic force along line2303 as the center of mass of the wheel defines an orbit around the axle2312. The force along line 2303 is transmitted via the axles 2312 andflanges 2314 so that the entire apparatus 2300 moves periodically backand force in a vibratory motion.

In particular the embodiment depicted in FIG. 23A, the weight 2308 iscoupled to one side of the wheel 2310, thereby unbalancing the wheel2310 and thus inducing vibrations as it rotates as described above.

FIG. 23B depicts an embodiment of the vibrator 2300 in which the wheel2310 is mounted by the axles 2312 that are placed at a point that doesnot correspond to the center of mass of the wheel 2310. Thus, off-centerrotation of wheel 2310 again results in vibration of the tube 2302.

FIG. 23C depicts an embodiment of the vibrator 2300 in which the wheel2310 defines an ellipse. The uneven distribution of mass in the wheel2310 thus vibrates the chamber 2306 when the wheel 2310 spins inresponse to fluid (including gas) flow through tube 2302.

FIG. 24 depicts another embodiment of the vibrator 2300 of theinvention. The embodiment of FIG. 24 comprises a rotor 2401 with aweight 2405 coupled to one of a plurality of fins 2404. The rotor 2401may be mounted to a shaft 2402, which is coupled to a mount 2403 on theinside of the tube 2302. The flow of fluid in the tube 2302 rotates therotor 2401 in the direction of arrow 2420. The imbalance caused by theweight 2405 induces a vibration or oscillation in the vibrator 2300.FIG. 24A depicts a top view of the mount 2403 which couples the rotor2401 to the tube 2302 via an axle 2402. FIG. 24B depicts an embodimentof the rotor 2401 having four fins 2404, one of which is coupled to theimbalancing weight 2405.

Each of the embodiments of the vibrator 2300 may be coupled to thesupply tube 40 or the discharge tube 26 and then to a filter, as forexample, in self cleaning filter 12 and/or the membrane 1722.

In view of the above, one will appreciate that he invention overcomesthe longstanding problem of providing a self-cleaning filter assemblythat can be used with existing submersible pumps or other pumps duringpumping operations. A submersible pump or a suction line can be insertedinto the filter basket and then placed into a fluid source such thatparticulate material is screened from the fluid by a filter element. Thescreened particulate material can then be dislodged or expelled from thesurface of the filter element during pumping operations without havingto stop the operation or remove the filter element from the fluidsource.

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointedout novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments,it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changesin the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be madeby those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of theinvention. As will be recognized, the present invention may be embodiedwithin a form that does not provide all of the features and benefits setforth herein, as some features may be used or practiced separately fromothers. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claimsrather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come withinthe meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embracedwithin their scope.

1. A filter apparatus for use with a pump, the filter apparatuscomprising: a filter element; a first supply line for delivery of aflushing medium; a second supply line for delivery of an enhancingmaterial; a filter basket at least partially enclosed in the filterelement, and wherein the filter basket comprises: a manifold,comprising: a first member having a first opening so as to receive thefirst supply line and a second opening so as to receive the secondsupply line; a second member having a first plurality of apertures and asecond plurality of apertures; the first and second members defining afirst internal chamber fluidly connecting the first opening with thefirst plurality of apertures; the first and second members defining asecond internal chamber fluidly connecting the second opening with thesecond plurality of apertures; a first plurality of tubes at leastpartially enclosed in the filter element, wherein each tube of the firstplurality of tubes extends from one of the first plurality of aperturesand includes a first plurality of perforations such that a flushingmedium may flow from the first supply line through the internal chamberinto the first plurality of tubes and through each of the firstplurality of perforations to backflush the filter element; and a secondplurality of tubes at least partially surrounding the filter element,wherein each tube of the second plurality of tubes extends from one ofthe second plurality of apertures and includes a second plurality ofperforations such that a enhancing material may flow from the secondsupply line through the internal chamber into the second plurality oftubes and through each of the second plurality of perforations.
 2. Thefilter apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second filter elementat least partially enclosing the second plurality of tubes.
 3. Thefilter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enhancing material comprises aflocculent.
 4. The filter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enhancingmaterial comprises a disinfection agent.
 5. The filter apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the first supply line is coupled to a vent linecoupling the second internal chamber to the atmosphere.
 6. The filterapparatus of claim 5, wherein the vent line is configured to create apressure differential across the filter element.
 7. The filter apparatusof claim 1, wherein the enhancing material comprises a coagulant.
 8. Thefilter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the coagulant comprises ironparticles.
 9. The filter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the enhancingmaterial comprises a viscosity reducing agent.
 10. The filter apparatusof claim 9, wherein the viscosity reducing agent comprises steam. 11.The filter apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter apparatus isconfigured to filter oil.
 12. The filter apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe filter apparatus is configured to filter air.